Question 1 of 5
Discuss the relationship between science and society, highlighting how scientific advancements shape societal norms and how societal needs drive scientific research. (10 marks)
Why: This model answer follows UPSC essay structure with introduction, 5 detailed points including examples from history, technology, ethics, and socio-economics, and a forward-looking conclusion. It demonstrates balanced analysis, critical thinking, and relevance to contemporary issues for full marks.
Question 2 of 5
Examine the role of science in addressing contemporary social challenges like pandemics and climate change. (5 marks)
Why: The answer structure includes introduction, three key points with real-world examples, and conclusion. It balances achievements and challenges, suitable for 5-mark question requiring depth within word limit.
Question 3 of 5
How has the sociology of science revealed the social construction of scientific knowledge? Give examples. (4 marks)
Why: Structured with intro, three illustrative points drawing from sociological theory and history, plus conclusion. Meets 100-150 word requirement for 4 marks with precise analysis.
Question 4 of 5
The exploitation of bioresources of a nation by multinational companies without authorization from the concerned country is referred to as:
A
1. Bioweapon
B
2. Biopiracy
C
3. Bioethics
D
4. Biowar
Why: Biopiracy refers to the unauthorized use of bio-resources and/or knowledge by multinational companies without proper compensation or authorization from the country of origin. This is a key ethical issue in biotechnology as it involves exploitation of indigenous knowledge and biological resources. Option B correctly identifies 'Biopiracy' as the term for this unethical practice.[4]
Question 5 of 5
Assertion (A): Some ethical standards are required to evaluate the morality of scientific human activities that might help or harm living organisms. Reason (R): Genetic Engineering Approval Committee make decisions regarding the validity of Genetically Modified (GM) research and the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services.
A
1. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
B
2. Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C
3. A is true but R is false.
D
4. A is false but R is true.
Why: Both assertion and reason are correct, and R correctly explains A. Ethical standards (bioethics) are essential in biotechnology to ensure responsible practices. In India, the Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) evaluates GM research validity and safety for public use, directly implementing these ethical standards. Thus option A is correct.[4]
