Quick recall · 218 cards
Short MCQ-style retrieval prompts. Tap a card to reveal the answer.
PYQ
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Right to Equality?
A · Article 14
PYQ
Tap to reveal →
Which part of the Indian Constitution deals with the Fundamental Duties?
D · Part IV-A
Fundamental Duties were inserted by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, in Part IV-A (Article 51A). They enumerate 11 duties for citizens to promote harmony and spirit of common brotherhood[3].
PYQ
Tap to reveal →
Union of India or any State may sue or be sued according to which Article of the Indian Constitution?
B · Article 300
Article 300 provides that the Government of India or a State may sue or be sued in the name of the President or Governor respectively, akin to the East India Company previously[4].
PYQ
Tap to reveal →
The power of Parliament of India to amend the Constitution as a Constituent power was inserted in Article 368 of the Constitution of India by:
B · 24th Amendment, 1971
The 24th Amendment (1971) explicitly affirmed Parliament's constituent power to amend any part of the Constitution, responding to Golaknath case restrictions[7].
PYQ · 2020
Tap to reveal →
Which one of the following objectives is not embodied in the Preamble to the Constitution?
D · Economic Justice
PYQ · 2017
Tap to reveal →
The mind of the makers of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following?
A · The Preamble
PYQ · 2013
Tap to reveal →
‘Economic Justice’ the objectives of Constitution has been as one of the Indian provided in:
B · the Preamble and the Directive Principles of State Policy
PYQ
Tap to reveal →
Identify the incorrect pair of Right and the related Fundamental Right in the Indian Constitution.
C · C. Right to Property - Article 31
Right to Property was removed from Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978; now it's a constitutional right under Article 300A. Options A, B, D are correct pairs. Thus, C is incorrect.
PYQ · 2024
Tap to reveal →
Under which of the following Articles of the Constitution of India, has the Supreme Court of India placed the Right to Privacy?
D · D. Article 21
PYQ · 1995
Tap to reveal →
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion etc, Article 15 of the Constitution of India is a Fundamental Right classifiable under
D · D. the Right to Equality
Article 15 falls under Right to Equality (Articles 14-18). It prohibits state discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth.
PYQ · 2021
Tap to reveal →
Under the Indian Constitution, concentration of wealth violates
B · the Directive Principles of State Policy
PYQ · 2020
Tap to reveal →
In India, separation of judiciary from the executive is enjoined by
B · a Directive Principle of State Policy
PYQ · 2015
Tap to reveal →
The ideal of 'Welfare State' in the Indian Constitution is enshrined in its
B · Directive Principles of State Policy
PYQ
Tap to reveal →
Which part of the Indian Constitution contains the Directive Principles of State Policy?
C · Part IV
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best describes the purpose of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution?
B · To declare the objectives and philosophy of the Constitution
The Preamble states the objectives and underlying philosophy of the Constitution, such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which phrase in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution reflects the idea of a sovereign state?
B · "Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic"
The phrase "Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic" declares India as a sovereign state, meaning it is independent and supreme in authority.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a feature mentioned in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
C · Federal
While India is a federal country, the term 'Federal' is not explicitly mentioned in the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which part of the Indian Constitution contains the Directive Principles of State Policy?
B · Part IV
Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV of the Constitution (Articles 36 to 51).
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
How many parts does the original Constitution of India have?
B · 22
The original Constitution had 22 parts; however, after various amendments, it currently has 25 parts. The question asks about the original number which was 22.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which schedule of the Indian Constitution deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the States and Union territories?
C · Fourth Schedule
The Fourth Schedule deals with the allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the States and Union territories.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a part of the basic structure of the Indian Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court?
C · Right to Property as a Fundamental Right
Right to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by the 44th Amendment and is not considered part of the basic structure.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Indian Constitution guarantees the Right to Equality before law?
A · Article 14
Article 14 guarantees equality before law and equal protection of laws within the territory of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Fundamental Right protects the freedom of speech and expression?
B · Article 19
Article 19 guarantees certain freedoms including freedom of speech and expression.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article provides the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under the Indian Constitution?
C · Article 21
Article 21 guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
D · Article 32
Article 32 provides the right to constitutional remedies and empowers the Supreme Court to issue writs.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Article 356 of the Indian Constitution deals with which of the following?
B · President's Rule in States
Article 356 allows the President to impose President's Rule in a State in case of failure of constitutional machinery.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following Fundamental Rights is subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order, morality, and security of the State?
B · Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression
The Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression under Article 19 is subject to reasonable restrictions for public order, morality, and security.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Fundamental Right was removed from the Constitution by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978?
A · Right to Property
The Right to Property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights and made a legal right under a separate law.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty listed in the Indian Constitution?
C · To vote in elections
Voting is a right and a civic duty but is not listed as a Fundamental Duty in the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Indian Constitution lists the Fundamental Duties of citizens?
B · Article 51A
Article 51A lists the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a Directive Principle of State Policy related to the promotion of international peace and security?
B · Article 51
Article 51 directs the State to promote international peace and security.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Directive Principle mandates the State to provide free and compulsory education to children?
A · Article 45
Article 45 directs the State to provide free and compulsory education for children up to the age of 14 years.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a feature of Directive Principles of State Policy?
B · They are non-justiciable and guide the government
Directive Principles are non-justiciable guidelines for the State to establish social and economic democracy.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a function of the President of India as the Union Executive?
C · Passing the Union Budget
Passing the Union Budget is a function of the Parliament, not the President.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Who appoints the Governor of a State in India?
B · President of India
The Governor of a State is appointed by the President of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a feature of the Union Legislature under the Indian Constitution?
B · It consists of the President and two Houses
The Union Legislature (Parliament) consists of the President, Lok Sabha (House of the People), and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements about the State Legislature is correct?
B · The Governor is a member of the State Legislature
The Governor is an integral part of the State Legislature and summons and prorogues it.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Supreme Court of India?
C · Legislative Function
The Supreme Court performs judicial functions; it does not have legislative powers.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides for the appointment of the Chief Justice of India?
A · Article 124
Article 124 deals with the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court and appointment of judges including the Chief Justice.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a feature of the Amendment Procedure under the Indian Constitution?
B · Some amendments require ratification by at least half of the State Legislatures
Certain constitutional amendments require ratification by at least half of the State Legislatures as per Article 368.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following amendments procedure requires a special majority in Parliament and ratification by State Legislatures?
C · Amendment affecting the federal structure
Amendments affecting the federal structure require a special majority in Parliament and ratification by at least half of the States.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT part of the Second Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
C · Directive Principles of State Policy
Directive Principles are part of Part IV of the Constitution, not the Second Schedule.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a correct statement about the Ninth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?
B · It protects certain laws from judicial review
The Ninth Schedule protects certain laws from being challenged in courts on the grounds of violating Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following events directly influenced the drafting of the Indian Constitution?
B · The Government of India Act, 1935
The Government of India Act, 1935, served as a significant basis for the Indian Constitution's framework, influencing its federal structure and administrative provisions.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which feature of the Indian Constitution ensures a balance between rigidity and flexibility?
C · Amendment Procedure
The Amendment Procedure allows the Constitution to be amended through different methods, making it partly rigid and partly flexible.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949. Which body was responsible for adopting it?
A · Constituent Assembly
The Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution on 26th November 1949 after extensive debates and drafting.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a salient feature of the Indian Constitution?
B · Unitary system with a single legislature
The Indian Constitution establishes a federal system with a division of powers, not a unitary system with a single legislature.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which phrase best describes the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
B · An introduction stating objectives and philosophy
The Preamble serves as an introductory statement outlining the objectives, values, and philosophy of the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following words was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?
B · Socialist
The word 'Socialist' was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act in 1976 to reflect the socio-economic goals of the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT an objective mentioned in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
D · Monarchy
Monarchy is not an objective of the Indian Constitution; the Preamble declares India as a Republic.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which part of the Indian Constitution contains the provisions related to the Union and its territory?
A · Part I
Part I of the Constitution deals with the Union and its territory, including the formation of new states.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
How many parts did the original Indian Constitution have at the time of its commencement in 1950?
A · 22
The original Constitution had 22 parts at the time of commencement in 1950.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which part of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles respectively?
A · Part III and Part IV
Fundamental Rights are in Part III and Directive Principles in Part IV of the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements about the structure of the Indian Constitution is correct?
B · It is a federal Constitution with a strong unitary bias
The Indian Constitution is federal in nature but has a strong unitary bias, especially during emergencies.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a feature of the Directive Principles of State Policy?
B · They guide the government in policy-making
Directive Principles guide the government in framing policies but are not enforceable by courts.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Fundamental Right is subject to reasonable restrictions in the interest of public order, morality, and sovereignty of India?
B · Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression
The Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression can be restricted on grounds such as public order and sovereignty.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Indian Constitution abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form?
C · Article 17
Article 17 abolishes untouchability and forbids its practice in any form.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Directive Principle directs the State to secure a uniform civil code for its citizens?
A · Article 44
Article 44 directs the State to secure a uniform civil code for all citizens.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a Fundamental Duty under the Indian Constitution?
C · To vote in elections
Voting is a right but not listed as a Fundamental Duty in the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which constitutional amendment introduced Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution?
A · 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, introduced Fundamental Duties under Article 51A.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a duty of every citizen under Article 51A of the Constitution?
B · To safeguard public property
Safeguarding public property is a Fundamental Duty under Article 51A.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Who appoints the Governor of a State in India?
B · President of India
The Governor of a State is appointed by the President of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Union Executive in India?
C · Judging constitutional disputes
Judging constitutional disputes is the function of the Judiciary, not the Executive.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Constitution deals with the appointment and removal of the Prime Minister?
A · Article 75
Article 75 deals with the appointment and removal of the Prime Minister and other ministers.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Who is the head of the State Executive in a Union Territory with a Legislative Assembly?
B · Lieutenant Governor
In Union Territories with a Legislative Assembly, the Lieutenant Governor acts as the head of the executive.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which house of the Indian Parliament is known as the 'Council of States'?
B · Rajya Sabha
Rajya Sabha is called the Council of States as it represents the states of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements about the State Legislature is correct?
B · The Governor is a part of the State Legislature
The Governor is an integral part of the State Legislature and has legislative powers including assent to bills.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Constitution provides for the dissolution of the Lok Sabha?
A · Article 85
Article 85 empowers the President to dissolve the Lok Sabha.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which court is the highest constitutional court in India?
A · Supreme Court
The Supreme Court is the highest constitutional court in India with ultimate judicial authority.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Constitution establishes the Supreme Court of India?
A · Article 124
Article 124 establishes the Supreme Court of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following writs can the Supreme Court issue to prevent illegal detention of a person?
A · Habeas Corpus
Habeas Corpus is a writ to secure the release of a person unlawfully detained.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article provides the procedure for amendment of the Indian Constitution?
A · Article 368
Article 368 lays down the procedure for amending the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following types of amendments requires ratification by at least half of the State Legislatures?
A · Amendments affecting the federal structure
Amendments affecting the federal structure require ratification by at least half of the State Legislatures.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following schedules of the Indian Constitution contains provisions related to the distribution of powers between the Union and the States?
A · 7th Schedule
The 7th Schedule contains the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List, detailing distribution of powers.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which schedule of the Constitution deals with the administration and control of Scheduled Tribes in certain states?
B · 6th Schedule
The 6th Schedule provides for administration of Scheduled Tribes in certain northeastern states.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a special provision under the Indian Constitution related to Emergency powers?
A · Article 356
Article 356 empowers the President to impose President's Rule in a state during failure of constitutional machinery.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Constitution grants special autonomous status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir (prior to abrogation in 2019)?
A · Article 370
Article 370 granted special autonomous status to Jammu and Kashmir before its abrogation in 2019.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a feature of Centre-State relations under the Indian Constitution?
A · The Union Government can legislate on State subjects during national emergency
During a national emergency, the Union Parliament can legislate on State subjects.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a constitutional safeguard to maintain Centre-State relations?
D · Both A and B
Both the Inter-State Council and Finance Commission are constitutional bodies to maintain Centre-State relations.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
What is the primary purpose of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution?
B · To state the objectives and philosophy of the Constitution
The Preamble sets out the objectives, guiding principles, and philosophy of the Constitution, reflecting the aspirations of the people.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best defines the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
B · An introductory statement explaining the Constitution's aims
The Preamble is an introductory statement that explains the Constitution's aims and underlying philosophy.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
B · To specify the detailed powers of the Parliament
The Preamble does not specify the detailed powers of the Parliament; it states the broad objectives and philosophy of the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution was adopted on which date?
B · 26th November 1949
The Preamble was adopted on 26th November 1949, the same day the Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which document influenced the drafting of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
B · The United States Constitution
The Preamble was influenced by the US Constitution’s Preamble, especially in its style and expression of ideals.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements about the evolution of the Preamble is correct?
B · The words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were added by the 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment (1976) added the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' to the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Kesavananda Bharati case is significant because it established that the Preamble is:
B · A guiding light to interpret the Constitution
The Supreme Court in Kesavananda Bharati case held that the Preamble is a guiding light to interpret the Constitution but is not enforceable in a court of law.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following ideals is NOT explicitly mentioned in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
D · Capitalism
Capitalism is not mentioned in the Preamble; the Preamble mentions Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity among its ideals.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a key feature of the Indian Constitution as stated in the Preamble?
B · Republic
The Preamble declares India as a 'Republic', meaning the head of state is elected and not hereditary.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The term 'Sovereign' in the Preamble means that India:
B · Has supreme authority within its territory
Sovereign means India has supreme and independent authority within its territory, free from external control.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following ideals was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?
B · Socialist and Secular
The words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' were added to the Preamble by the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The ideal of 'Justice' in the Preamble includes which of the following types of justice?
A · Social, Economic, and Political Justice
The Preamble envisages Social, Economic, and Political Justice for all citizens.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best describes the term 'Fraternity' as used in the Preamble?
A · Brotherhood and unity among citizens
Fraternity refers to a sense of brotherhood and unity among all citizens, promoting national integration.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is true about the term 'Democratic' in the Preamble?
B · Power is vested in the people through elected representatives
Democratic means the power lies with the people who elect their representatives to govern.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements about the legal status of the Preamble is correct?
C · The Preamble is a key to interpret the Constitution but not enforceable
The Supreme Court has held that the Preamble is a key to interpret the Constitution but is not enforceable in courts.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In which landmark case did the Supreme Court of India declare the Preamble as part of the Constitution?
B · Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
In Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court held that the Preamble is part of the Constitution and can be used to interpret it.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best describes the judicial interpretation of the Preamble in the Kesavananda Bharati case?
B · The Preamble is a guiding light and forms part of the basic structure
The Court held that the Preamble is part of the Constitution and embodies its basic structure, which cannot be altered.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is true regarding the Preamble's role in constitutional interpretation?
A · It can be used to interpret ambiguous provisions of the Constitution
The Preamble serves as a guiding tool to interpret ambiguous or unclear provisions of the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements about the Preamble is correct according to the Supreme Court rulings?
B · The Preamble is not a source of power for the government
The Preamble states the objectives but does not itself confer any power or rights; it is not a source of power for the government.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Preamble and the Constitution of India?
B · The Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution
The Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution and reflects its fundamental values and objectives.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Indian Constitution mentions the Preamble explicitly?
D · The Preamble is not an Article
The Preamble is not a part of any Article; it is an introductory statement to the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements best describes the Preamble's role in the Constitution's basic structure doctrine?
B · The Preamble forms part of the basic structure of the Constitution
The Preamble embodies the basic structure and philosophy of the Constitution which cannot be amended.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following amendments added the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' to the Preamble?
B · 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 added the words 'Socialist' and 'Secular' to the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which amendment to the Constitution affected the Preamble by emphasizing the importance of the Directive Principles of State Policy?
A · 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment also emphasized the importance of Directive Principles by stating that the State shall apply these principles in making laws.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is true about amendments to the Preamble?
B · The Preamble can be amended like any other part of the Constitution
The Preamble can be amended by Parliament under Article 368 like any other part of the Constitution, as held in the Kesavananda Bharati case.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following amendments did NOT affect the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
C · 52nd Amendment
The 52nd Amendment did not affect the Preamble; it dealt with anti-defection laws.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best defines the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
A · A statement of the objectives and philosophy of the Constitution
The Preamble serves as an introductory statement that outlines the objectives, guiding principles, and philosophy of the Constitution.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
What is the primary significance of the Preamble in the Indian Constitution?
B · It declares the source of authority of the Constitution
The Preamble declares that the Constitution derives its authority from the people of India, establishing popular sovereignty.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which phrase in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution indicates the form of government?
A · "Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic"
The phrase "Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic" defines the form and nature of the Indian state.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which statement correctly describes the nature of the Preamble in the Indian Constitution?
A · It is a part of the Constitution and can be amended like any other provision
The Preamble is considered part of the Constitution and can be amended under Article 368, as held in the Kesavananda Bharati case.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Preamble of the Indian Constitution begins with which words indicating the source of authority?
A · "We, the People of India"
The Preamble starts with "We, the People of India," signifying that the Constitution derives its authority from the people.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following events influenced the drafting of the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
A · The Objectives Resolution moved by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1946
The Objectives Resolution, introduced by Jawaharlal Nehru, laid down the fundamental principles that shaped the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
When was the Preamble of the Indian Constitution adopted?
A · 26th November 1949
The Preamble was adopted on 26th November 1949, the same day the Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which amendment added the words "Socialist" and "Secular" to the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
A · 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 inserted the words "Socialist" and "Secular" into the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The phrase "Justice, Liberty, Equality and Fraternity" in the Preamble primarily reflects which of the following?
A · The Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
These words embody the core values that underpin the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a key feature enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?
C · Monarchy
Monarchy is not a feature of the Indian Constitution; India is a democratic republic as per the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which principle in the Preamble ensures equal status and opportunity to all citizens?
A · Equality
Equality guarantees that all citizens have equal status and opportunities under the law.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The term "Republic" in the Preamble means:
A · The head of the state is elected and not hereditary
Republic means the head of state is elected, not a hereditary monarch.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best describes the principle of "Fraternity" as mentioned in the Preamble?
A · Promoting a sense of brotherhood among citizens
Fraternity refers to promoting brotherhood and unity among the people of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which feature of the Preamble reflects the idea that the Indian state is independent and not subject to any external authority?
A · Sovereign
Sovereign means the state has supreme power and is independent of external control.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following principles in the Preamble was introduced by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976?
A · Socialist and Secular
The 42nd Amendment added the words "Socialist" and "Secular" to the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a component of the 'Justice' principle in the Preamble?
D · Religious Justice
Religious Justice is not specifically mentioned; Justice in the Preamble includes social, economic, and political justice.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the Kesavananda Bharati case, the Supreme Court held that the Preamble is:
A · Part of the Constitution and a key to its interpretation
The Supreme Court ruled that the Preamble is part of the Constitution and helps interpret its provisions.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which case established that the Preamble cannot be amended if it alters the 'basic structure' of the Constitution?
A · Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Kesavananda Bharati case introduced the basic structure doctrine restricting amendments that alter the Constitution's core.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the Berubari Union case, the Supreme Court held that the Preamble:
A · Is a key to interpret the Constitution but not enforceable
The Court held that the Preamble is a guide to interpretation but does not confer enforceable rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which judgment clarified that the Preamble can be amended under Article 368 but the amendment should not alter the basic structure?
D · Minerva Mills v. Union of India
Minerva Mills case reaffirmed the basic structure doctrine and limited Parliament's power to amend the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Supreme Court in the S.R. Bommai case emphasized the importance of which Preamble feature?
A · Secularism
The S.R. Bommai case underscored secularism as a basic feature of the Constitution derived from the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements about the Preamble and the Constitution is correct?
A · The Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution and reflects its spirit
The Preamble is part of the Constitution and embodies its fundamental values and spirit.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides the power to amend the Preamble?
A · Article 368
Article 368 empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution, including the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best describes the relationship between the Preamble and Fundamental Rights?
A · The Preamble reflects the objectives behind Fundamental Rights
The Preamble states the ideals that underpin the Fundamental Rights provisions.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is true about the Preamble's relation to the Directive Principles of State Policy?
A · The Preamble embodies the ideals that Directive Principles seek to promote
The Preamble reflects the vision that the Directive Principles aim to achieve.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which constitutional amendment explicitly amended the Preamble to reflect changes in the Constitution's philosophy?
A · 42nd Amendment
The 42nd Amendment added "Socialist" and "Secular" to the Preamble, reflecting a shift in philosophy.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which landmark case involved the Supreme Court examining the Preamble's role in constitutional amendments?
A · Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala
Kesavananda Bharati case dealt with the extent to which the Preamble can be amended without violating the basic structure.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The 42nd Amendment Act is often called the 'Mini Constitution' because it:
A · Made extensive changes including to the Preamble
The 42nd Amendment made wide-ranging changes, including adding words to the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which case reaffirmed that the Preamble is amendable but the basic structure cannot be altered?
A · Minerva Mills v. Union of India
Minerva Mills case reaffirmed the basic structure doctrine limiting amendments to the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a landmark case related to the secularism principle in the Preamble?
A · S.R. Bommai v. Union of India
S.R. Bommai case emphasized secularism as a basic feature of the Constitution derived from the Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following Constitutions influenced the Indian Preamble's drafting?
A · Government of India Act, 1935 and the US Constitution
The Government of India Act, 1935 and the US Constitution influenced the Indian Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a key difference between the Indian Preamble and the US Preamble?
A · Indian Preamble explicitly mentions 'Socialist' and 'Secular', US Preamble does not
The Indian Preamble includes 'Socialist' and 'Secular' which are not present in the US Preamble.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following Constitutions also begins with the phrase similar to 'We, the People' like the Indian Preamble?
A · United States Constitution
The US Constitution also begins with 'We, the People,' emphasizing popular sovereignty.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
A law is passed that restricts the right to property citing the Preamble’s term 'Republic' and 'Sovereign.' Considering the current constitutional position post-44th Amendment, which of the following is true?
B · Right to property is a legal right, and the law can restrict it if it meets reasonable restrictions.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best defines Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution?
B · Basic human rights guaranteed to all citizens to ensure liberty and equality
Fundamental Rights are basic human rights guaranteed by the Constitution to all citizens to ensure liberty, equality, and justice.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Indian Constitution primarily deals with the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
C · Article 32
Article 32 provides the right to constitutional remedies, allowing individuals to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements correctly describes the scope of Fundamental Rights in India?
B · They apply to all persons, including non-citizens, in certain cases
Some Fundamental Rights apply to all persons including non-citizens (e.g., Article 21), while others are restricted to citizens.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a classification of Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution?
B · Right to Property
Right to Property was originally a Fundamental Right but was removed by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978, and is now a legal right.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Indian Constitution classifies Fundamental Rights into six categories?
D · No specific article classifies them explicitly
The Constitution does not explicitly classify Fundamental Rights into six categories in any single article; the classification is a scholarly and judicial interpretation.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Article 14 of the Indian Constitution guarantees which of the following rights?
B · Right to Equality before the Law
Article 14 guarantees equality before the law and equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article abolishes 'Untouchability' and forbids its practice in any form?
B · Article 17
Article 17 abolishes Untouchability and forbids its practice in any form within the territory of India.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT covered under the Right to Equality in the Indian Constitution?
D · Right to property
Right to Property is no longer a Fundamental Right; it was removed by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth?
B · Article 15
Article 15 prohibits discrimination by the State on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, which principle related to Fundamental Rights was established?
B · The Basic Structure of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights, cannot be altered
The Kesavananda Bharati case established the Basic Structure doctrine, which holds that Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the Constitution, including Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Article 19 of the Indian Constitution guarantees which of the following freedoms?
A · Freedom of speech and expression
Article 19 guarantees six freedoms including freedom of speech and expression, assembly, movement, residence, profession, and forming associations.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article provides protection against arrest and detention in certain cases (Habeas Corpus)?
C · Article 22
Article 22 provides protection against arbitrary arrest and detention and includes rights related to Habeas Corpus.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following freedoms under Article 19 can be reasonably restricted by the State?
D · All of the above
All freedoms under Article 19 are subject to reasonable restrictions imposed by the State in the interest of sovereignty, security, public order, etc.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article protects a person from being convicted for an offence which was not an offence at the time it was committed?
A · Article 20(1)
Article 20(1) provides protection against ex post facto laws, i.e., no person shall be convicted for an act which was not an offence when committed.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the case of Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, the Supreme Court expanded the scope of which Fundamental Right?
C · Right to Life and Personal Liberty
The Supreme Court held that the procedure established by law must be just, fair, and reasonable under Article 21, thus expanding the scope of Right to Life and Personal Liberty.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article prohibits trafficking in human beings and forced labor?
A · Article 23
Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings and forced labor, declaring them punishable offences.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Article 24 of the Indian Constitution prohibits which of the following?
A · Employment of children below 14 years in factories and hazardous places
Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below 14 years of age in factories, mines, or hazardous employment.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding the Right against Exploitation?
A · It prohibits bonded labor and child labor
The Right against Exploitation prohibits bonded labor, trafficking, and child labor under Articles 23 and 24.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Article 25 of the Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion subject to which of the following?
A · Public order, morality, and health
Article 25 guarantees freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion subject to public order, morality, and health.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article prohibits religious instruction in educational institutions wholly maintained out of State funds?
C · Article 28
Article 28 prohibits religious instruction in State-funded educational institutions, except those administered by religious groups with consent.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article grants every religious denomination the right to manage its own affairs in matters of religion and education?
B · Article 26
Article 26 grants every religious denomination or any section thereof the right to manage its own religious affairs.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the S.R. Bommai case, the Supreme Court held that which of the following is a part of the basic structure of the Constitution?
B · Secularism
The Supreme Court held that secularism is a part of the basic structure of the Constitution and cannot be abrogated.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Articles 29 and 30 of the Indian Constitution protect which of the following rights?
B · Cultural and Educational Rights of minorities
Articles 29 and 30 protect the cultural and educational rights of minorities to conserve their culture and establish educational institutions.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article gives minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice?
B · Article 30
Article 30 grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a limitation on the Cultural and Educational Rights under Articles 29 and 30?
B · Institutions must follow State regulations regarding admission and curriculum
While minorities have rights to establish institutions, they are subject to reasonable State regulations regarding admission, curriculum, and standards.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Article 32 of the Indian Constitution is known as the 'Heart and Soul' of the Constitution because it provides which of the following?
B · Right to Constitutional Remedies
Article 32 provides the right to constitutional remedies, enabling individuals to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following writs is NOT provided under Article 32 for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
D · Injunction
Article 32 provides writs like Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto, but not Injunction.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the case of Golaknath v. State of Punjab, what was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding Fundamental Rights?
B · Fundamental Rights cannot be amended by Parliament
The Supreme Court ruled that Fundamental Rights cannot be amended by Parliament, but this was later modified by the Kesavananda Bharati case.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a valid restriction on Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution?
B · Reasonable restrictions imposed by law in the interest of sovereignty and public order
Fundamental Rights can be restricted by reasonable laws made in the interest of sovereignty, security, public order, morality, etc.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a ground for imposing reasonable restrictions on Fundamental Rights?
C · Economic hardship
Economic hardship is not a recognized ground for imposing reasonable restrictions on Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article allows the Parliament to impose reasonable restrictions on the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression?
A · Article 19(2)
Article 19(2) permits the State to impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression in the interest of sovereignty, security, public order, etc.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
During a national emergency, which Fundamental Rights can be suspended as per the Indian Constitution?
B · Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
During a national emergency, the rights under Articles 19 (Right to Freedom) can be suspended, but other Fundamental Rights remain enforceable.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which article of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to suspend Fundamental Rights during an emergency?
D · Article 358
Article 358 provides for suspension of the rights conferred by Article 19 during a proclamation of emergency.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Fundamental Right remains enforceable even during a national emergency?
B · Right to Life and Personal Liberty
Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21 remains enforceable even during a national emergency.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Doctrine of Reasonable Restrictions on Fundamental Rights is primarily derived from which of the following?
B · Provisions in Articles 19(2) to 19(6)
The Doctrine of Reasonable Restrictions is based on the provisions in Articles 19(2) to 19(6) which allow the State to impose reasonable restrictions on certain freedoms.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a restriction to be considered 'reasonable' under the Doctrine of Reasonable Restrictions?
B · Restriction must be arbitrary
Restrictions must not be arbitrary; they must be reasonable, lawful, and proportionate to the objective sought to be achieved.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the case of Romesh Thappar v. State of Madras, the Supreme Court emphasized the importance of which principle related to Fundamental Rights?
A · Reasonable restrictions on freedom of speech must be narrowly construed
The Supreme Court held that restrictions on freedom of speech must be reasonable and not arbitrary, emphasizing the Doctrine of Reasonable Restrictions.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Fundamental Right is suspended during a proclamation of financial emergency under Article 360?
C · No Fundamental Right is suspended
No Fundamental Right is suspended during a financial emergency under Article 360.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which landmark case upheld the power of judicial review over laws infringing Fundamental Rights?
D · A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras
In A.K. Gopalan v. State of Madras, the Supreme Court upheld the power of judicial review over laws infringing Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In which case did the Supreme Court expand the interpretation of Article 21 to include the right to privacy?
A · K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India
The Supreme Court in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India recognized the right to privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Supreme Court in the Minerva Mills case held that which of the following is part of the basic structure of the Constitution?
A · Judicial review and Fundamental Rights
The Minerva Mills case reaffirmed that judicial review and Fundamental Rights are part of the basic structure and cannot be abrogated.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following best defines Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution?
B · Rights that protect individuals against arbitrary state action
Fundamental Rights are basic human freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution to protect individuals against arbitrary actions by the state.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Indian Constitution primarily deals with the enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
C · Article 32
Article 32 provides the right to constitutional remedies, enabling individuals to approach the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following statements correctly describes the scope of Fundamental Rights in India?
A · They apply only to citizens of India
Fundamental Rights generally apply only to citizens of India, except for certain rights like Article 21 which apply to all persons.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a classification of Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution?
B · Right to Property
Right to Property was originally a Fundamental Right but was removed by the 44th Amendment and is now a legal right under Article 300A.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Constitution classifies Fundamental Rights into six categories?
D · No specific article classifies them
The Constitution does not explicitly classify Fundamental Rights into six categories by any one article; the classification is a scholarly interpretation based on various articles.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following Fundamental Rights is guaranteed under Article 15 of the Indian Constitution?
A · Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
Article 15 prohibits discrimination by the state on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT covered under the Right to Equality in the Indian Constitution?
D · Right to property
Right to property is no longer a Fundamental Right and is not covered under the Right to Equality.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article abolishes titles except military and academic in India?
C · Article 18
Article 18 abolishes titles except military and academic distinctions to promote equality.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, which aspect of Fundamental Rights was emphasized?
B · Fundamental Rights form part of the basic structure and cannot be abrogated
The Kesavananda Bharati case established that Fundamental Rights are part of the Constitution's basic structure and cannot be abrogated by amendment.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following freedoms is NOT guaranteed under Article 19 of the Indian Constitution?
D · Right to property
Right to property is not guaranteed under Article 19; it was removed as a Fundamental Right.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article provides protection against arbitrary arrest and detention in India?
C · Article 22
Article 22 provides safeguards against arbitrary arrest and detention, including the right to be informed of grounds of arrest and the right to legal counsel.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a reasonable restriction on the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression under Article 19(2)?
B · Speech that incites violence or public disorder
Speech that incites violence or public disorder is a reasonable restriction under Article 19(2) to maintain public order.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article guarantees protection against double jeopardy and self-incrimination?
A · Article 20
Article 20 protects individuals from being prosecuted and punished more than once for the same offense and from self-incrimination.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is prohibited under Article 23 of the Indian Constitution?
A · Traffic in human beings and forced labor
Article 23 prohibits trafficking in human beings, begar (forced labor), and other similar forms of forced labor.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article prohibits employment of children below 14 years in factories and hazardous occupations?
A · Article 24
Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below 14 years in factories, mines, or hazardous occupations.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In which case did the Supreme Court hold that bonded labor is unconstitutional under Article 23?
A · Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India
In Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India, the Supreme Court held bonded labor as unconstitutional under Article 23.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article guarantees freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion?
A · Article 25
Article 25 guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article prohibits taxation for promotion or maintenance of any particular religion?
C · Article 27
Article 27 prohibits the state from imposing taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular religion.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article allows religious denominations to manage their own affairs in matters of religion?
B · Article 26
Article 26 grants religious denominations the right to manage their own religious affairs.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the case of S.R. Bommai v. Union of India, which Fundamental Right was primarily discussed?
A · Right to Freedom of Religion
The S.R. Bommai case dealt extensively with secularism and the right to freedom of religion under Articles 25-28.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article protects the interests of minorities by granting them the right to establish and administer educational institutions?
B · Article 30
Article 30 grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Article 29 protects which of the following rights?
A · Right to conserve language, script, and culture
Article 29 protects the right of any section of citizens to conserve their distinct language, script, or culture.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is a valid restriction on minority educational institutions under Article 30?
A · State can regulate to ensure standards of education
The state can regulate minority educational institutions to maintain educational standards but cannot interfere arbitrarily.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
A · Article 32
Article 32 guarantees the right to constitutional remedies, allowing individuals to approach the Supreme Court directly for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following writs is NOT issued under Article 32 for enforcement of Fundamental Rights?
D · Injunction
Injunction is not a writ issued under Article 32; the recognized writs are Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, and Quo Warranto.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the case of Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, which Fundamental Right's scope was expanded?
C · Right to Life and Personal Liberty
The Supreme Court expanded the scope of Article 21 (Right to Life and Personal Liberty) to include the right to travel abroad and procedural fairness.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a valid restriction on Fundamental Rights under the Indian Constitution?
C · Restrictions imposed arbitrarily without law
Restrictions on Fundamental Rights must be imposed by law and cannot be arbitrary.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article allows the state to impose reasonable restrictions on the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression?
B · Article 19(2)
Article 19(2) allows the state to impose reasonable restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression in the interests of sovereignty, security, public order, etc.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is an example of an unreasonable restriction on Fundamental Rights?
B · Restriction on peaceful assembly without prior notice
Restricting peaceful assembly without valid legal basis is considered unreasonable and unconstitutional.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
The Doctrine of Reasonable Restrictions primarily ensures that:
B · Restrictions on Fundamental Rights must be fair, just, and not arbitrary
The Doctrine of Reasonable Restrictions mandates that any limitation on Fundamental Rights must be reasonable and not arbitrary.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a restriction to be considered reasonable under the Doctrine of Reasonable Restrictions?
C · Restriction must be arbitrary
Arbitrariness negates reasonableness; restrictions must not be arbitrary.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In which case did the Supreme Court lay down the test of 'proportionality' for reasonable restrictions on Fundamental Rights?
B · Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, the Supreme Court introduced the proportionality test for reasonable restrictions.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
During a National Emergency declared under Article 352, which Fundamental Rights can be suspended?
B · Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
During a National Emergency, the Right to Freedom under Articles 19(1) can be suspended, except Articles 20 and 21.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Article empowers the President to suspend the Right to Constitutional Remedies during an emergency?
D · Article 359
Article 359 empowers the President to suspend the right to constitutional remedies during an emergency.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which Fundamental Right remains non-suspendable even during a National Emergency?
B · Right to Life and Personal Liberty
Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21 cannot be suspended even during an emergency.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which landmark case established the supremacy of Fundamental Rights over ordinary laws?
C · Golaknath v. State of Punjab
In Golaknath v. State of Punjab, the Supreme Court held that Fundamental Rights cannot be amended by Parliament.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
In the case of ADM Jabalpur v. Shivkant Shukla, what was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding Fundamental Rights during emergency?
B · Right to life and liberty can be suspended during emergency
The Court ruled that during emergency, rights including life and liberty could be suspended, a decision later widely criticized.
Question bank
Tap to reveal →
Which case expanded the interpretation of Article 21 to include the right to a fair procedure?
A · Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India expanded Article 21 to include the right to a fair, just, and reasonable procedure.
